Vaginal infections during pregnancy

The surge in hormones during pregnancy make moms-to-be more susceptible to a host of vaginal infections. A woman’s body transforms in many ways during pregnancy and an increase in vaginal discharge is one of the common changes.

If the discharge is white or clear and odour-free, it means it is caused by the pregnancy hormones and your vagina is healthy. But if the discharge is excessive, red or yellow and smells, it can be a sign of an infection. Vaginal infection happens when the natural balance of the bacteria that live in the vagina is disrupted.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Almost 1 in every 5 pregnant women develop this itchy infection, according to the National Institutes of Health. BV occurs when there is an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina due to the shifting of hormones. If left untreated, it can lead to premature birth or low birth weight of the baby.

Yeast infection

The overgrowth of candida can lead to burning and itching in the vagina, which can be suspected as a yeast infection. The increased estrogen and progesterone help create the environment in which yeast can thrive. Some antibiotics can also disrupt the pH balance of your vagina.

Common steps to prevents vaginal infections:

- Wear comfortable cotton underwear. Avoid wearing tight pants that can cause bacteria inducing sweat.

- Never sit around in swimsuit or wet panty after swimming. Change immediately into a clean cotton panty.

- Sleep without underwear to reduce the risk of infections.

- Wipe front to back when you go to the bathroom.

- Skip bathing oils as they can trap bacteria.

- Stay hydrated to help flush out toxins.

- Eat complex carbohydrates and whole grains instead of refined sugar.

- Consume yogurt often.

- Stick to one partner to decrease your chances.

- Use a condom to prevent the spreading of the infection.

For more details regarding the session in Gynecology Congress 2020 at San Francisco, USA during April 27-29, 2020

PS:https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/obstetrics-gynecology/

Email:gynecologycongress@frontierscongress.com

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome 

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome) is a relatively common hormonal disorder that causes a number of different symptoms in women of reproductive age. Common to all women with PCOS is an irregularity in the menstrual cycle and the presence of excess male hormones (androgens).

The condition was named because of the finding of enlarged ovaries containing multiple small cysts (polycystic ovaries). Although most women with PCOS have polycystic ovaries, some affected women do not. PCOS has also been referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome and polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD).

Symptoms

PCOS leads to disruptions in the menstrual cycle that typically begin around the onset of puberty. The menstrual irregularities of PCOS are accompanied by a lack of ovulation, so affected women may experience infertility.

An increase in the production of androgens (male hormones) by the ovaries in PCOS may lead to excess hair growth in areas suggesting a male pattern, known as hirsutism. Thick, pigmented hair growth occurs on the upper lip, chin, around the nipples, and on the lower abdomen.

Because of the absence or reduction in ovulation, women with PCOS have reduced levels of the hormone progesterone. This can result in growth stimulation of the endometrium,  leading to dysfunctional uterine bleeding and breakthrough bleeding. Increased stimulation of the endometrium in the absence of progesterone production is a risk factor for the development of endometrial hyperplasia and uterine cancer.

Insulin resistance, weight gain, and obesity are also common in PCOS. Observers have suggested that about one-half of women with PCOS are obese. Insulin resistance, accompanied by elevated blood levels of insulin, occurs in most women with PCOS, independent of the presence of obesity.

For more information regarding the session on Gynecology Congress 2020 at San Francisco during April 27-29, 2020

PS: https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/obstetrics-gynecology/

Email: gynecologycongress@frontierscongress.com

Surgical Equipment Market

Surgical equipment are tools that are designed to view internal body organs or modify biological tissues. They are used for various surgical procedures such as neurosurgery, urology, laparoscopic, plastic surgery, cardiovascular, and others. Surge in prevalence of chronic disorders among geriatric population, increase in number of surgical procedures, and increase in demand for surgical procedures such as minimally invasive surgeries and laparoscopic surgeries act as the major drivers of the global surgical equipment market.

Key Findings of the Surgical Equipment Market:

Closure devices was the major contributor to the revenue of surgical auxiliary instruments in 2016 and is anticipated to maintain this trend throughout the forecast period. Lancets/Scalpels registered highest growth in the surgical cutter instruments market during the forecast period. Retractors is anticipated to grow at the fastest pace in the handheld surgical instruments market during the forecast period. Europe accounted for one-third of total market share in 2016 and is expected to maintain this trend throughout the forecast period. UK is anticipated to grow at the fastest pace in the European surgical equipment market during the forecast period.

Geographically, the surgical equipment market is studies across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA. North America dominated the surgical equipment market in 2016, accounting for three-sevenths of the total market. This was attributed to well-established healthcare system in North America, high adoption of innovative minimal invasive & laparoscopic surgical procedures, rise in prevalence of chronic diseases & related surgical procedures, and surge in demand for plastic & reconstructive & bariatric surgeries.

For more details regarding the session on Gynecology Congress 2020 at San Francisco, USA during April 27-29, 2020

PS:https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/obstetrics-gynecology/

Email: gynecologycongress@frontierscongress.com

Ureteral Injury During Gynecologic Surgery

Ureteral injury is one of the most serious complications of gynecologic surgery. Less common than injuries to the bladder or rectum, ureteral injuries are far more serious and troublesome and are often associated with significant morbidity, the formation of ureterovaginal fistulas, and the potential loss of kidney function, especially when not recognized until postoperatively. For these reasons, injuries to the urinary tract, particularly the ureter, are the most common cause for legal action against gynecologic surgeons.

Despite the close anatomical association between the female reproductive organs and the ureter, injury to the ureter is relatively uncommon. Nevertheless, when a ureteral injury does occur, quick recognition of the problem and a working knowledge of its location and treatment are essential in providing patients with optimal medical care.

For more details regarding the session in Gynecology Congress 2020 at San Francisco, USA during April 27-29, 2020 

PS: https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/obstetrics-gynecology/

Email:gynecologycongress@frontierscongress.com

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite. In women, trichomoniasis can cause a foul-smelling vaginal discharge, genital itching and painful urination.

Men who have trichomoniasis typically have no symptoms. Pregnant women who have trichomoniasis might be at higher risk of delivering their babies prematurely.

To prevent reinfection with the organism that causes trichomoniasis, both partners should be treated. The most common treatment for trichomoniasis involves taking one megadose of metronidazole   or  tinidazole .

Symptoms

Many women and most men with trichomoniasis have no symptoms, at least not at first. Trichomoniasis signs and symptoms for women include:

An often foul-smelling vaginal discharge — which might be white, gray, yellow or green

Genital redness, burning and itching

Pain with urination or sexual intercourse

Trichomoniasis rarely causes symptoms in men. When men do have signs and symptoms, they might include:

Irritation inside the penis

Burning with urination or after ejaculation

Discharge from the penis

For more information regarding the congress : https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/obstetrics-gynecology/

Email: 

gynecology@gynecologycongress.com

Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia  is also known as Heavy menstrual bleeding, , is a menstrual period with excessively heavy flow and falls under the larger category of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).

Abnormal uterine bleeding can be caused by structural abnormalities in the reproductive tract, anovulation, bleeding disorders, hormone issues (such as hypothyroidism) or cancer of the reproductive tract. 

Treatment depends on the cause, severity, and interference with quality of life. Initial treatment often involve contraceptive pills. Surgery can be an effective second line treatment for those women whose symptoms are not well-controlled. Approximately 53 in 1000 women are affected by AUB.

Symptoms:

A normal menstrual cycle is 21–35 days in duration, with bleeding lasting an average of 5 days and total blood flow between 25 and 80 ml. Heavy menstrual bleeding is defined as total menstrual flow >80ml per cycle. Deviations in terms of frequency of menses, duration of menses, or volume of menses qualifies as abnormal uterine bleeding. Bleeding in between menses is also abnormal uterine bleeding and thus requires further evaluation.

Complications of heavy menstrual bleeding could also be the initial symptoms. Excessive bleeding can lead to anemia which presents as fatigue, shortness of breath, and weakness. Anemia can be diagnosed with a blood test.

For more details regarding conference:  https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/obstetrics-gynecology/

Email: Gynecologycongress@frontierscongress.com

Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea, also known as painful periods or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins. Symptoms typically last less than three days. The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. Other symptoms may include back pain, diarrhea or nausea.

In young women, painful periods often occur without an underlying problem. In older women, it is more often due to an underlying issues such as uterine fibroids, adenomyosis or endometriosis. It is more common among those with heavy periods, irregular periods, whose periods started before twelve years of age or who have a low body weight. A pelvic exam in those who are sexually active and ultrasound may be useful to help in diagnosis. Conditions that should be ruled out include ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, interstitial cystitis and chronic pelvic pain.

Dysmenorrhea occurs less often in those who exercise regularly and those who have children early in life. Treatment may include the use of a heating pad. Medications that may help include NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, hormonal birth control and the IUD with progestogen. Taking vitamin B or magnesium may help. Evidence for yoga, acupuncture and massage is insufficient. Surgery may be useful if certain underlying problems are present.

For more details follow the link : https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/obstetrics-gynecology/

Email: gynecologycongress@frontierscongress.com

Caesarean section

Caesarean section, also known as C-section, or caesarean delivery, is the use of surgery to deliver babies. A caesarean section is often necessary when a vaginal delivery would put the baby or mother at risk. This may include obstructed labor, twin pregnancy, high blood pressure in the mother, breech birth, or problems with the placenta or umbilical cord. A caesarean delivery may be performed based upon the shape of the mother's pelvis or history of a previous C-section. A trial of vaginal birth after C-section may be possible. The World Health Organization recommends that caesarean section be performed only when medically necessary.

A C-section typically takes 45 minutes to an hour. It may be done with a spinal block, where the woman is awake, or under general anesthesia. A urinary catheter is used to drain the bladder, and the skin of the abdomen is then cleaned with an antiseptic. An incision of about 15 cm (6 inches) is then typically made through the mother's lower abdomen. The uterus is then opened with a second incision and the baby delivered. The incisions are then stitched closed. A woman can typically begin breastfeeding as soon as she is out of the operating room and awake. Often, several days are required in the hospital to recover sufficiently to return home.

C-sections result in a small overall increase in poor outcomes in low-risk pregnancies. They also typically take longer to heal from, about six weeks, than vaginal birth. The increased risks include breathing problems in the baby and amniotic fluid embolism and postpartum bleeding in the mother. Established guidelines recommend that caesarean sections not be used before 39 weeks of pregnancy without a medical reason. The method of delivery does not appear to have an effect on subsequent sexual function. For more details regarding the session on Gynecology Congress 2020 at San Francisco, USA during April 27-29, 2020

Email: globalgynecology@gynecologycongress.com

PS: https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/obstetrics-gynecology/