PREGNANCY
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which
one or more offspring develops inside a woman. A multiple pregnancy involves
more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy can occur by sexual
intercourse or assisted reproductive technology. A pregnancy may end in a live
birth, abortion, or miscarriage, though access to safe abortion care varies
globally. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the start of the last
menstrual period (LMP). This is just over nine months, where each month
averages 31 days. When measured from fertilization it is about 38 weeks. An
embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following
fertilization, after which, the term fetus is used until birth. Symptoms of
early pregnancy may include missed periods, tender breasts, nausea and
vomiting, hunger, and frequent urination. Pregnancy may be confirmed with a
pregnancy test.
Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters. The first
trimester is from week one through 12 and includes conception, which is when
the sperm fertilizes the egg. The fertilized egg then travels down the
fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus, where it begins to
form the embryo and placenta. During the first trimester, the possibility of
miscarriage (natural death of embryo or fetus) is at its highest. The second
trimester is from week 13 through 28. Around the middle of the second
trimester, movement of the fetus may be felt. At 28 weeks, more than 90% of
babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided with high-quality medical
care. The third trimester is from 29 weeks through 40 weeks.
Prenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes. Prenatal care may
include taking extra folic acid, avoiding drugs and alcohol, regular exercise,
blood tests, and regular physical examinations. Complications of pregnancy may
include disorders of high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, iron-deficiency
anemia, and severe nausea and vomiting among others. In the ideal childbirth
labor begins on its own when a woman is "at term".Babies born before
37 weeks are "preterm" and at higher risk of health problems such as
cerebral palsy. Babies born between weeks 37 and 39 are considered "early
term" while those born between weeks 39 and 41 are considered "full
term". Babies born between weeks 41 and 42 weeks are considered "late
term" while after 42 week they are considered "post term".
Delivery before 39 weeks by labor induction or caesarean section is not
recommended unless required for other medical reasons.
For more information regarding the session on Gynecology Congress 2020 at San Francisco, USA During April 27-29, 2020
Email: gynecologycongress@frontierscongress.com
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